n reconcile Parmenides’ unchanging One with the reality of change and motion
n Empedocles - the universe is composed of four elements (“many Ones”) which continually mix and remix, in a cycle, guided by two forces
Elements: Forces:
1. earth 1. Love - brings particles together
2. water 2. Strife - separates particles
3. air (strife may relate to the void / unlimited)
4. fire
n Anaxagoras - the universe is composed of permanent seeds (“many Ones”)
n each seed contains a portion of everything, and can become anything
n the Mind (Nous) brings out different of these hidden (latent) possibilities at different times, thus accounting for the change we observe
n Atomists (Democritus and Leucippus) - reality is composed of small, indestructible atoms (“many Ones”) which arrange and re-arrange themselves, separated by a void
n do not consider God or a universal order; a reduction of reality to randomnes
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