n metaphysics defined as study of being qua (as) being
n Aristotle combines change and stability in his metaphysics
n act - an actual perfection present in a thing at this time (being/stability)
n potency-the capacity of a thing to acquire new perfections (becoming/change)
n substance - the individual thing itself
n accident - particular perfections which adhere to a substance
n 10 categories
n Substance
n 
Accidents (9 in total)
n Quantity
n Quality Being in a secondary sense
n Relation
n Place
n Time Being which inheres in another
n Action
n Passivity
n Posture Does not exist on its own
n Habit
n form - the specific nature of a thing which perfects matter; an ACT
n matter - something that receives form; a POTENCY
n change is movement from potency to act
n substantial change involves three principles (1) matter, which stays the same, (2) form, which changes, and (3) a privation or lack which is fulfilled
n change also involves four causes: formal, material, efficient, final
n Examples of four causes:
n Formal – Paint
n Material – Paintbrush
n Efficient – Painter
n Final – The final painting
n Aristotle bases metaphysics on the Unmoved Mover (pure act of thinking)
n the Unmoved Mover is the final cause; it attracts all things to itself
n in pure act of thinking, the Unmoved Mover contemplates itself, not the world
n Aristotle’s proof for the Unmoved Mover based on motion:
Motion involves movement from potency to act.
Finite movers cannot cause motion; they need to receive act from another.
Hence, an Unmoved Mover (pure act) is the ultimate cause of motion.
Comparison of Plato’s and Aristotle’s metaphysics:
| Plato’s metaphysics | Aristotle’s metaphysics |
| One form for an entire species | One form for each individual |
| Forms located in Ideal World | Forms located inside individuals |
| Explains Being (unchanging Forms) | Explains Being (form / act) as well as Becoming (potency) |
Yorum Gönder